Alchatek Blog

Welcome to the 3rd and final part of my blog post series “Sealing Leaks on Remote Job Sites”. In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series, I described a remote leak seal job I assisted a customer with and the unique preparations it required. So to pick up the story where I left off - there we were, in the jungle, about a mile from our trucks. Of course we were doing our best to deal with the August heat and humidity. At least we had poison ivy, ticks, and yellow jackets to keep us company as we tackled these pipe penetration leaks on the aerial manholes.

As I mentioned, we removed as much of the old mortar from the pipe penetrations as we could. We also drilled our port holes at this time, about 5 inches apart and all the way around the pipe penetration. The port holes were drilled at a 45º angle, and located so that the injected resin would hit the pipe about midway through the penetration. Then we flushed out the areas and port holes with clean water.

Now it was time to seal it. We soaked oakum in the polyurethane and then gave it a quick dip in a bucket of water to get it activated. Then we packed it into the pipe penetration as deep as we could get and all the way around the pipe completely to form a back seal. Then we did it again forming another seal all the way around the pipe penetration but this time towards the outside wall of the manhole. Finally we injected the urethane into the ports working our way from the bottom to the top, completely around the pipe penetration.

For this application, AP Seal 500 was the right choice. It reacts when contacted by water, it's flexible, and it bonds tenaciously to concrete. Plus, its low viscosity allows it to get into tight cracks and voids to seal off leaks. If there is water present in the cracks, it can be injected straight. We actually injected it with water using a two chambered cartridge and static mixer. One chamber held the resin and the other was filled with water just prior to injecting. The reason we did this was because we were working during the middle of the day when sewer flow was the lowest. There was no leaking water present in the penetrations so we had to provide our own. Injecting with the water provided the “kick” to make the urethane foam expand and form an excellent seal between the front and back oakum gaskets we created.

Although it was not in the contract, we couldn't ignore the other small leaks through the manhole walls. Plus we wanted to help the county in return for their clearing the footpath to the manholes. These particular leaks were below the pipe penetrations and were constantly seeping sewage water. There were literally hundreds of yellow jackets swarming on the wet manhole face but they didn't bother us. To repair these leaks we drilled port holes that would intersect the cracks at an angle. As always, we flushed out the holes with clean water. As an experiment, we only put in a couple ports and then started injecting the same polyurethane; this time without additional water as there was already water present in the cracks. Sure enough, the low viscosity resin traveled throughout the cracks as it was injected and sealed off the areas where water was working its way through.

When we were finished, the manholes were completely dried out and there was no longer sewage leaking into the sandy soils beside the creek. It always feels good to get a job done when there's the added benefit of doing something to protect the environment. It also feels good when a project goes smoothly because you took the extra time to visualize it, plan the work, and work the plan.

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In Part 1 of this series, I laid out the challenges my customer's crew faced repairing pipe penetrations on aerial manholes in a very remote area. The repairs aren't that hard, but when you have to carry all of your materials and gear across creeks and down gullies, you have to work smart.

Previously, I indicated how we took the time to do a thorough site evaluation. Then we created a plan and a master list of what we would need; knowing we would have to carry everything in and out. We decided to repair the penetrations with a combination of polyurethane soaked oakum as a packing material and a low viscosity hydrophilic polyurethane that we would inject.

These particular pipe penetrations had originally been sealed with mortar and the manholes were of brick construction. Since they were also quite old, the leaks were not very hard to find. In fact there were gaps up to one inch in width between some of the pipes and the penetration holes. The mortar had just crumbled away. In addition to the penetration leaks, there were also several leaks through the walls of the manholes. A skim coat of mortar had been applied to the outside surface, covering the bricks. But now waste water and sewage was finding its way through the many brick seams and joints, and the crumbling mortar too.

I'll spare you some of the things we used that are common to all of our jobs; items such as buckets, mechanical ports, drill bits, gloves, safety glasses, etc. Items of note that did come in handy on this remote project were as follows:

1. Plastic sheeting to cover our gear when it rained and ponchos for ourselves.
2. A hand powered, 2-component cartridge gun. We were prepared to use a small CO² tank to power our pneumatic gun but it turns out we did not need much pressure to inject the resin.
3. Battery powered Ridgid brand hammer drill with 3 extra batteries. It took one battery to drill port holes 360º around each 22” diameter penetration. During lunch we would take the batteries to the truck and recharge them with our generator.
4. We brought a light weight plastic chemical sprayer. We were able to fill it with water from the creek and it generated enough pressure to flush our drill holes and the areas around the penetrations where we dug out the old mortar.
5. Light weight dry oakum. This was great for sealing the large gaps. Dry oakum can be soaked in polyurethane, packed into joints and cracks, and activated with water. It will swell up and become like a flexible gasket.
6. Bug spray and a sense of humor.

In my next and final installment on this subject, I'll go into detail about how we actually completed the repair and saved the planet. To wrap up this one, I would just say that it pays to think things through and be creative. There are usually several ways to get the job done; in our case we had to get the job done without exhausting ourselves getting there and back. We brought lightweight cartridges and oakum, battery powered hammer drills, and simple plastic sheeting to protect from the elements. These things took the place of pumps, compressors, electrical power, and shelter.

There's one last thing I recommend looking in to: Even though this was a job that could only be accomplished on foot, the owner of the pipeline was the county and they have to maintain a path so they can walk the line, make repairs, and cut up trees that fall across the pipes connecting the manholes. For this job we worked hand in hand with the county, walked the line with them, and got them to send in their crew to clear out the path anew for us. Our repairs repaid them for their free help.

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Hopefully these tips on overcoming obstacles on remote job sites will be of assistance on your next out-of-the-way project. At one point I had the opportunity to advise a customer who was repairing pipe penetrations of aerial manholes along a drainage basin in SW Atlanta. Aerial manholes are typically found in low spots next to creeks and rivers. They are usually connected by steel or ductile iron sewer pipes that are above ground and thus, so are the penetrations.

The conditions of the job site were unique as there was no access to the individual manholes except by foot. This particular project covered a winding 1-1/2 miles through ravines and involved several crossings of the stream. The goal was to seal the 18” and 22” pipe penetrations that were leaking raw sewage down the faces of the manholes located along the creek. In this report I will let you know how we got started in preparation for the unique set of challenges this project presented.

First of all, a thorough evaluation of a remote job site must be undertaken. This should be done prior to submitting a bid, but it should also be done again with an extra set of eyes prior to commencing the work. Then create a plan and a master list of what you will need:

1. Consider all of the possibilities of how to mobilize; where can you set up the nearest base camp for your trucks and supplies.
2. What tools or alternative tools can be used to get the job done; realize there are certain conveniences you're not going to have, like generators and air compressors, and find alternative methods.
3. Select the right Leak Seal materials to get the job done such as AP Seal 500, AP Fill 700 and activated oakum.
4. Prepare a good safety plan. We experienced rugged terrain, snakes, bees, ticks, extreme heat, downpours, and lightning. Think about how to protect your people, your materials, and your gear. Make sure to have first aid and hydration available on site and at the base camp.
5. Have a communication plan – make sure you have reception between the job site and the base camp. If cell phones don't work then bring walkie talkies. Have someone at the base camp to watch gear, to get supplies when necessary, and to be available for help in case of an emergency.
6. Be prepared to clean up your job site with respect for the environment. If you haul it in, be ready to haul it out.
7. Last of all, choose the right people for your crew. Think carefully, because these kinds of jobs are not for timid or easily discouraged personality types.

In my next post I will go into detail on the procedures and tools we used to stop the leaks through a combination of polyurethane injection and activated oakum.

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Water leaking through concrete can lead to structural failures, sinkholes, and other costly types of property damage. For property owners, it is important to be aware of potential problem areas in your facility, factory, or residence. For concrete restoration and waterproofing contractors, it is important for your business to know where to look for leak sealing opportunities.

So where are the areas that contractors and property owners need to be looking? Here we have broken it down into two broad categories: Commercial / Industrial / Municipal and then of course, Residential.

Commercial / Industrial / Municipal

• Tanks: Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants, Aquariums
• Infrastructure: Concrete Pipe, Manholes, Pipe Penetrations, Lift Stations, Pumps Stations, Utility Vaults
• Industrial Plants: Machinery Pits, Containment Structures, Retaining Walls, Slab Joints
• Tunnels: Tunnel Segments, Retaining Walls, Headwalls and Wing Walls
• Commercial: Floors, Parking Structures, Elevator Pits, Basements
• Specialized arenas for sealing leaks in Mines, Dams, and Power Plants.

Residential

• Single Family: Basements, Foundation Walls, Swimming Pools, Fountains, Seawalls, Retaining Walls
• Multi Family: Elevator Pits, Parking Garages, Seawalls, Pools, Basements
• Farms: Silos and Tanks, Earthen Dams, Manmade Ponds

Alchemy-Spetec manufactures an effective range of polyurethanes designed to seal leaks for all of the above issues. We also strive to continually educate the market. 

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Leaking concrete structures can be permanently repaired using a water-activated flexible foam. Pressure injection of these liquid resins forces the material into leaking cracks, joints, and other defects where the resin rapidly reacts with water to form a flexible, water tight seal.

From hairline cracks to gushing leaks, virtually any of these defects can be repaired with our leak seal resins. Take a look at this polyurethane leak seal demo video.... 

Over my many years of consulting with customers on jobs, I have pumped, shot, spilled, splashed, sprayed, poured and injected polyurethane foam into every imaginable type of concrete structure known to man. Most of it has ended up where it was supposed to go. But some of it did not.

Some of it ended up on my clothes, my skin, and my hair. That never bothered me (well, maybe the resin on that brand new button down shirt bothered me a little). What is really frustrating is when it stains the concrete you are trying to fix. Your job is to repair something for your customer, and if you are not careful, you can make it look worse than before.

A few years ago I asked our chemist to develop a water based solvent for cleaning out two component impingement style injection guns (such as our MixMaster Pro gun). I wanted the product to be water based so that it could be dispensed directly into the environment with no negative effects. I also needed it to be thick enough to push reacting foam out of the gun.

After I saw what he came up with, I realized it could probably be used as a barrier to prevent polyurethane from staining concrete. After a little testing and tweaking, I realized it would work.

AP Flush 125 is a concentrated product that you can mix with 3-5 parts water. It can be sprayed onto concrete, wood, metal, or plastic and creates a barrier layer that prevents polyurethane foam from sticking to and staining the surface. You can brush it on or spray it on with a pump up garden sprayer.

Our AP Lift customers spray it right out of the MixMaster Pro gun onto concrete surfaces as they are moving from injection point to injection point. They also saturate cracks and joints that foam may come out of. This has the dual protection of keeping stains off the concrete and helps reduce binding of the concrete that can impede the lifting process.

On hot, sunny days you may have to apply it again if the water evaporates out of the system, but overall it really works wonders. We have used it on lifting jobs, soil stabilization jobs, and leak seal jobs. Now the spray foam insulation contractors are starting to use it to protect surfaces adjacent to their work areas.

Next time you are using polyurethane foam on or near a surface you don’t want your foam to stick to or stain, try a pail of AP Flush 125. One pail of concentrate can give you up to 25 gallons of protection.

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After three decades in this industry, I still find myself in awe of what polyurethane foam can do.  From sealing massive dam leaks to stabilizing airport runway slabs to lifting entire buildings – the feats contractors achieve with this stuff is astonishing.  Yet some people who are new to this technology have a hard time understanding how a mere “foam” can be ideal for these most demanding of applications.  Or maybe they wonder how safe it is. 

The irony is, whether you think you are “new” to this technology or not – you’ve been surrounded by polyurethane all your life.  Sometimes an understanding of the past can provide more confidence for moving forward into the future.  So if you can’t quite grasp how “foam” has been developed to the point that it can lift a building – or you wonder how safe it is – pay close attention to this story.

Dr. Otto Bayer first made polyurethane foam in Leverkusen, Germany in 1937.  Polyurethane was initially used as a cheap replacement for rubber.  Widespread use began in World War II, when many other materials became scarce.  Polyurethane use quickly spread as a key component in many products, from specialized paper to protective military garments to gloss finishes and protective coatings.

In the 1950s, many companies such as DuPont, BASF, Dow, and Union Carbide started producing polyurethane for an even wider variety of applications including adhesives, insulation and foam upholstery cushions.  In the 1960s the Bayer company (no relation to Dr. Otto Bayer) exhibited an all-plastic car, parts of which were made with polyurethane. 

In the early 1970s, the introduction of polyurethane skateboard wheels as a replacement for the old metal ones completely revolutionized the sport, as the new wheels allowed for high impact activities such as jumping off of ramps.  In the 1980s, the first mass produced plastic-body automobile – the Pontiac Fiero – was made with the use of polyurethane technology.

Today polyurethanes can be found in an infinite amount of products including furniture, clothing, shoes, beds, moldings, etc.

In the 1960s, 3M Company in the U.S. and Takanaka in Japan both introduced polyurethane grouts.  3M’s product was called Elastromeric Sewer Grouting Compound.  As the name indicates, it was intended for use in underground utilities.  Takanaka’s product was called Takanaka Aqua-Reactive Chemical Soil Stabilizer (TACSS).  As the name indicates, it was intended for use in soil stabilization projects.  In the early 1980s, DeNeef obtained the rights to TACSS and began distributing polyurethane grout worldwide.  By the mid 1980s, there were almost a dozen manufacturers of polyurethane grouts.  I got my start pumping 3M 5600 to seal cracks in the Atlanta subway system back in 1985.  I was amazed at what it could do back then, and I am still amazed at what our products do today.  3M exited the business many years ago.

In the last few decades, polyurethane grouting has become a widely accepted method for sealing leaks, stabilizing soil and lifting slabs.  Many innovations have been made, including closed cell hydrophobic polyurethanes and the use of two-component foams in geotechnical engineering.  Polyurethane’s advantages over the old school approach of cement grout repair is covered thoroughly in our blog post Polyurethane vs. Cement for Slab Jacking.

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In a recent media interview, I was quoted as follows: “Ultimately, the customer is the property owner, somebody who’s got a problem. Even though we’re selling to contractors, we kind of all have to be on the same page.” That view has motivated us to pay close attention to what contractors, engineers AND property owners are most concerned about regarding the use of polyurethane. Over the years, we’ve noticed three main questions that arise over and over again:

1. Are the polymers strong enough?
2. Are they easy to install?
3. How quickly can the job be finished?

So we’re going to take a look at each of these three core issues in detail…

Powerful Polymers

Concrete Leveling Foams

In my blog post Slab Jacking With Polyurethane Foam – How Strong is Strong Enough?, I point out that the National Home Builders Association and the International Building Code list stiff clay as having a 4,000 lbs per square foot load bearing capacity and crystalline bedrock as having 12,000 lbs per square foot capacity. Our lifting foams have load bearing capacities of 7,200 to 14,000 lbs per square foot after curing in a free rise state. 

When Alchemy-Spetec foams cure in a confined state underground, that bearing capacity has been known to be even stronger. Testing data in the lab shows that our lifting foams will increase in compressive strength: In a space confined 25% by volume there will be an increase of 31% in psi and in a space confined by 75% there will be a 79% increase in the psi.

The Alchemy-Spetec lifting foams are used to level airport slabs supporting jumbo jets, heavy equipment, building slabs supporting tremendous loads, and even railway slabs supporting the heaviest freight trains.

Leak Seal Resins

Alchemy-Spetec leak seal resins have been used in many applications, including shutting down a 2-million gallon per day leak at a water treatment plant. The leak was reduced from 1,700 gallons per minute to just 10 gallons per minute (attributed to the many vintage valves and fittings that are still present at the plant). They are also used in other applications such as curtain wall grouting.

Soil Stabilization Resins

Unstable, eroded, or loose soil around infrastructure can result in settlement and damage to the structure. Voids can be filled, seawalls remediated, soil consolidated, and water migration halted by injecting the soil with Alchemy-Spetec soil stabilization resins. In my blog post Soil Stabilization Products Prevent Cave In Beneath Busy Intersection, I profiled a powerful example of AP Fill 700 in action. Inspectors in Orange County, Florida found a depression in the middle of a busy intersection that was due to an underground sewer line that wasn’t sealed. Water and eroding soil were infiltrating the sewer line causing the road to slowly settle. The resulting voids around the drainage structures had the potential to grow larger, eventually resulting in a complete cave-in of the roadway. A point repair was done from within the leaky pipe to stop the infiltration but they feared it was only a matter of time before the road gave way. We devised a solution for their crew to use the versatility of AP Fill 700 as both a permeation and void filling grout.  To keep the lane closure down to a bare minimum of time, the project was successfully completed on two separate Saturdays. The voids were filled, the loose soil was solidified, and only minor asphalt patching was required to make that area smooth for traffic again.

Orange County Utilities Supervisor Paul Morrison has been enthusiastic about AP 700 since the first time he tried it out on a severe manhole leak, when he had this to say…

“Based on our extensive prior experience, we expected to use at least five to ten pails to stop this leak. With Alchemy-Spetec material we were able to do the job with 1/10th of that amount. Their product will save our crews a lot of time and labor, and save the taxpayers of Orange County a lot of money.”

AP Soil 600 is one of the most versatile permeation grouting products on the market. It can be characterized by its single component, moisture activated, hydrophobic, and low viscosity qualities. It can fortify sandy soil to strengths approaching 2,000 psi.

Painless Procedures

As I never fail to point out, application procedures for Alchemy-Spetec products are relatively painless. The installation process is very clean compared to replacing the structure or repairing with cement grout.  Polyurethane is lighter than cement, so it doesn’t sink. Alchemy-Spetec products do not shrink after installation. The closed cell structure makes these resins impermeable. 

Rapid Results

Application of polyurethane is usually less expensive than replacement. Polyurethane concrete repair is also less time consuming. Any structure repaired with Alchemy-Spetec products is usually ready for use 45 minutes after application.

There you have it – the three most critical issues for contractors, engineers and property owners regarding polyurethane concrete repair. By staying focused on these concerns we constantly remind ourselves WHY we do what we do. We do it for YOU.

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As a technical consultant, I often assist customers when they're put to the test with difficult jobs. That's why we go out of our way to provide the powerful polymers and painless procedures they need to achieve the rapid results those projects require. For an in-depth dive into what we mean by powerful, painless and rapid - see this blog post I wrote awhile back. Then watch the video below to see powerful polymers, painless procedures, and rapid results in action... 

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The Spetec PUR H100 Hotshot Cartridge contains Spetec PUR H100, a one component, closed cell, hydrophobic, water reactive, solvent/phthalate free, low viscosity polyurethane injection resin for stabilization and water cut-off of large water leaks. The cartridge packaging is ideal for small jobs in locations that prohibit the use of pumps.

Advantages:

• Single component cartridge.
• Good compression strengths.
• Rapid set time.
• No volatile solvents.
• Cures to rigid foam.

Applications:

• Water cut-off.
• Dams.
• Manholes.
• Storm pipe joints.
• Box culverts.
• Limited access areas.

For details on preparation, application instructions, required tools and more, please download this Spetec PUR H100 Hotshot Cartridge datasheet.

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