Alchatek Blog

Should you repair sunken slabs or replace the driveway completely? There are pros and cons to each approach.

Concrete Leveling with Polyurethane

A popular repair technique is concrete leveling using polyurethane foam. This is injected below the sunken slab to lift and support the concrete back to its original position. The polyurethane expands to fill any voids or washed-out areas beneath the driveway.

The process can successfully level sunken sections ranging from a few inches to several feet. No digging or demolition is required. The concrete slabs are lifted back into place from underneath. This restores the smooth flat surface without having to rip out and replace the entire driveway.

Ripping Out and Replacing

For more extensive sinking across large areas, a full driveway replacement may be warranted. This involves ripping out all the existing concrete, preparing the soil beneath, and pouring new slabs. Replacement ensures you end up with a completely level and properly supported driveway.

However, it is costlier and more disruptive. Heavy equipment is needed to remove and dispose of the original concrete. The prep work also often requires excavating down a foot or more to create a stable base. Then forms must be set up, reinforcement added, and new concrete poured and finished.

Which Approach is Right for You?

The condition of your slab will determine whether polyurethane leveling or full replacement makes the most sense. Multiple, cracked sections spread across the entire driveway typically call for replacement. Isolated sinking of mostly intact slabs may be better suited for slab lifting.

Polyurethane injection offers a less expensive and less invasive repair option compared to wholesale replacement. It also uses fewer resources while producing less demolition waste.

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It's a scene that many homeowners dread: glancing out the window one day to discover large sunken areas in your once-smooth concrete driveway. These uneven sagging sections seem to appear out of nowhere, but in reality, are the result of a very common problem.

Understanding Sunken Slabs

Sunken concrete slabs occur when the ground underneath the driveway begins to settle or wash away. The weight of vehicles driving over the same area day after day also contributes to gradual sinking. As the support below the concrete erodes, sections of the driveway start to dip and crack. Water can then seep underneath and cause further erosion, leading to more pronounced sinking.

If left unaddressed, these sunken concrete slabs will only continue to deteriorate. The uneven surface also creates hazardous conditions for both vehicles and pedestrians. Tires, mufflers, and undercarriages get damaged from scraping against the raised edges of the sunk sections. Anyone walking across the driveway risks twisting an ankle or tripping.

How It Affects Your Driveway

In addition to safety concerns, sunken concrete slabs negatively impact your home's curb appeal. The uneven sunken appearance looks unkempt and diminishes the value of the property. The problem will likely only worsen over time without proper repairs.

Identifying the Problem

Homeowners will first notice sunken concrete slabs when large dips or cracks appear in the driveway surface. There may be audible clunks as vehicles pass over the uneven sections. Pitting, crumbling edges and pooling water are other telltale signs of sinking.

The issue can originate in small areas and spread or may occur simultaneously across large sections. Careful inspection when dry can help determine how much of the concrete is affected. Addressing sinking slabs as soon as the problem is spotted will provide the best repair results. Ignoring sunken concrete driveway slabs risks further deterioration and safety hazards. 

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For contractors seeking productive work during the slower winter months, Alchatek is here to help every step of the way.

Our team can provide guidance on expanding your services to take on new projects during cold weather. When you’re undertaking new winter work, we're available to consult on important logistics like site evaluations, scheduling, equipment selection, and material adjustments for colder temperatures.

We offer personal consultation to equip you with any new skills required for off-season jobs. We also collaborate with contractors to build relationships with local engineers, associations, municipalities, and other potential lead sources. Our staff can assist with tailored presentations and outreach efforts to position you as the go-to contractor for these clients.

Properly winterizing your slab lifting equipment is equally crucial if you’re winding down for an off-season. Our technical experts can advise you on prepping your slab lifting rig and/or PolyBadger lifting system for winter storage.

Contact the Alchatek support team today to for assistance with your winter game plan.

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This guide outlines a step-by-step process for setting up your PolyBadger system for winter storage. Following these recommendations will not only preserve the integrity of your equipment but also make it easier to get it running when the warm weather returns.

Preparing a PolyBadger for Winter Storage

1. Establish power to the cabinet and heat the hose (A heater, B heater, and hose) to the target temperature of 130° F.
2. Introduce material to the cabinet.
3. Turn the air supply on and recirculate to heat up the ISO and resin.
4. Once the PolyBadger is up to temperature, turn off the air supply and remove the airlines from the stick pumps.
5. Remove the supply and the recirculation line from the A-side stick pump.
6. Drain all the remaining material from the pump and clean it with brake cleaner.
7. Place the stick A side stubby stick pump into a 5-gallon pail of AP Pump Flush.
8. Reconnect the supply line and leave the recirculation line to drain in a purge pail.
9. Repeat steps 5-8 on the B-side stick pump.
10. Reconnect the air supply to the stick pumps, hold the return lines in a purge pail, and slowly open the air valve on the stick pumps.
11. You will notice material slowly pushed out of the recirculation line into the purge pail. Continue to pump AP Pump Flush through the system until it comes out of the recirculation line clear, with no added color or debris.
12. Shut the air valve supplying the stick pumps. This will stop the flow of material.
13. Reconnect the recirculation lines to the appropriate stick pump and tighten.
14. Turn the recirculation pump valves to supply the hose.
15. You can remove the Handi Gun or leave it on for this stage, holding the hose in the purge pail. Turn on the supply valves on the end of the hose just before the Handi Gun. Slowly open the air valve on the stick pumps and pull the trigger on the gun.
16. You will notice material slowly pushed out of the hose line into the purge pail. Continue to pump AP Pump Flush through the system until it comes out of the hose line clear, with no added color or debris.
17. Shut the air valve supplying the stick pumps. This will stop the flow of material.
18. Remove the stick pumps from the AP Pump Flush. (Make sure to mark your pails A and B for future use).
19. Insert stick pumps into AP Pump Saver 195. (Make sure to mark your pails A and B for future use).
20. Push the AP Pump Saver 195 through the hose line. You will notice the AS Pump Flush slowly pushed out of the hose line into the purge pail. Continue to pump AP Pump Saver 195 through the system until it comes out of the hose line clear (you will notice a thick, clean fluid).
21. Turn off the supply valves on the hose just before the Handi Gun.
22. Disconnect the air supply to the stick pumps.
23. Move the hose supply valve into the recirculation position to depressurize the system.
24. Shut off supply valves to the cabinet.
25. Turn off heat zones.
26. Turn off the main disconnect.
27. Remove residual grease from interior cabinet pumps.
28. Replace with new grease.

If you follow these steps, your PolyBadger should be ready for secure storage during the winter months.

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As temperatures drop, contractors in certain areas need to winterize their slab lifting rigs for storage during the off-season. Below are the step-by-step guidelines to properly store your equipment.

Important Note

• Extra attention is devoted to the A-side of the system, which is standard practice.
• This guide assumes you're using a PMC pump for your slab lifting rig.

Preparing a Slab Lifting Rig for Winter Storage

1. Remove and clean the A and B stick pumps. Clean the exterior of the pumps with brake cleaner to remove as much residual resin and polyol as possible.
2. Place the A-Side transfer pump into a 5-gallon pail of the AP Pump Flush.
3. Remove the recirculation hose from the A-Side drum and place it in a purge pail.
4. Open A-Side inlet valve and recirculation valve on your PMC machine.
5. Slowly open the air valve on the A-Side transfer pump to start introducing the AS Pump Flush through the A-Side of the machine.
6. You will notice iso material being pushed out of the recirculation line into the purge pail. Continue to pump AS Pump Flush through the system until it comes out of the recirculation line clear, with no added coloring or debris.
7. Shut the air supply feeding the transfer pump. This will stop all flow of material.
8. Un-cap the A-Side of the PMC whip hose. Once un-capped, place the hose into the purge pail.
9. Close the recirculation valve on the A-Side of the PMC machine.
10. Slowly open the air valve on the A-Side transfer pump to start the flow of AS Pump Flush through the heated hose.
11. You will notice iso material being pushed out of the whip hose into the purge pail. Continue to pump AS Pump Flush through the system until it comes out of the recirculation line clear, with no added coloring or debris.
12. Now that this process is complete, the A-Side has been completely cleaned of any iso material.
13. Remove the A-Side transfer pump from the pail of AS Pump Flush and place it into a 5-gallon pail of AP Pump Saver 195.
14. Slowly open the air valve on the A-Side transfer pump to start introducing the AP Pump Saver 195 through the A-Side of the machine. Continue to pump the AP Pump Saver 195 until you have pure and clean AP Pump Saver 195 coming out of the end of the whip hose.
15. Place the B-Side stick pump into a separate 5-gallon pail of AP Pump Saver 195.
16. Slowly open the air valve on the B-Side transfer pump to start introducing the AP Pump Saver 195 through the B-Side of the machine and heated hose. Continue to pump AP Pump Saver 195 through the system until it comes out of the end of the whip hose, with no added coloring or debris.
17. Once the entire system is full of clean AP Lube 190, slowly start to recirculate the AP Pump Saver 195 through the entire system. When doing this, it is best to let the PMC machine cycle while recirculating the AP Pump Saver 195.
18. Once all these steps are complete, close the air on each transfer pump and re-cap the heated PMC whip hoses.

If you follow these steps, your slab lifting rig should be well-prepared for the winter storage period.

For in-depth information on geotech polyurethane applications...

It's time to revisit the idea of remaining profitable during the winter months, but where does one begin?

Engaging with Engineers and Consultants

Networking with engineers is a cornerstone for securing a consistent flow of projects. Engineers are usually involved in any sizable geotechnical or waterproofing project. From industrial settings to property management companies and hydroelectric plants, an engineering firm is almost always the first port of call for problem-solving.

Alchatek offers presentations designed for engineers that cover a range of polyurethane applications like leak sealing, soil stabilization, and concrete lifting. These presentations often qualify for continuing education credits, offering engineers added value. We prefer to collaborate with local contractors for these presentations, creating a link between suppliers, contractors, and engineers.

With diligent follow-up, such activities typically yield smaller-scale projects, which, when successfully completed, pave the way for larger undertakings. Engineers are the go-to professionals for property owners facing issues. If you establish yourself as a reliable, punctual, and skilled contractor, you are more likely to secure jobs without having to go through the bidding process.

Networking Through Professional Associations

A wealth of professional associations exists across various fields and trades. Becoming a member provides an excellent platform for networking and discovering new opportunities.

Take, for instance, your local chapter of BOMA (Building Owners and Managers Association), which represents the expansive commercial real estate industry. BOMA members are mainly property owners, facility managers, and building engineers—a perfect audience for discussions on topics like elevator pits, parking structures, and tripping hazards.

IFMA (International Facility Management Association) is another noteworthy association. While BOMA represents the "landlords," IFMA represents the "tenants," who are often the first to report issues. Presenting to IFMA allows you to inform facility managers about problem-solving polyurethane technologies.

Don't overlook ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) either. It's not just for engineers; they offer a category called Organization Partners for non-engineers. Your presentation here can also be facilitated by Alchatek.

Reaching Out to Government Agencies

Sometimes old-school techniques like making phone calls and doing online research are invaluable. Connecting with local municipalities and Departments of Transportation (DOTs) can give you insights into upcoming projects. Attend bid meetings to network with general contractors and engineers.

Don't ignore mass transit authorities in cities with train or subway systems. These authorities regularly release projects for bidding and have engineering departments that could benefit from your solutions in leak sealing and geotechnical applications.

The cold months are an opportunity if you're a contractor seeking winter work. Not only will these strategies help you find winter projects, but they will also positively impact your business all year round. Reach out to the Alchatek support team for guidance.

For in-depth information on geotech polyurethane applications...

Contractors specializing in chemical grouting in the northern United States are often constrained by the seasons when it comes to outdoor soil stabilization and slab lifting tasks. However, with strategic planning, they can also find profitable avenues to keep busy during winter.

Winter Geotechnical Projects

• Warehouses and Distribution Centers: Interior slab lifting and void filling. Concrete floors and loading docks.
• Office and Retail Spaces: Interior concrete leveling.
• Infrastructure: Below the frost line where groundwater seepage impacts the density of soil and the stability of pavement.
• Agricultural Facilities: Slabs in structures like grain-drying bunkers.
• Commercial/Industrial Settings: Void filling and slab leveling in manufacturing plants and factories.

Expanding the Scope: Other Polyurethane Injection Applications

Winter also provides an opportune time to acquire new skills in areas like crack injection, slab undersealing, and curtain wall grouting. Cold weather conditions make concrete contract, widening cracks and joints, thus making them easier targets for injection work. Here are additional applications requiring attention:

• Subterranean Parking Garages: Leaks through cracks, expansion joints, and cold joints can be treated with specialized leak seal resins.
• Elevator Shafts: Particularly in areas with high water tables, elevator pits are prone to leaks.
• Tunnels: Whether for pedestrians, vehicles, or mass transit, tunnels often face water seepage issues, solvable via polyurethane grout.
• Dams: Despite their massive structure, dams are not immune to leaks. Winter is a suitable time for crack injection maintenance.
• Residential and Commercial Basements: Treat leaks in cracks and joints.
• Slab Undersealing: Similar to curtain wall grouting, but it's done through the floor.

Consult the Alchatek support team for technical assistance with your next project.

For in-depth information on geotech polyurethane applications...

Technical Support

At Alchatek, we understand the critical importance of stable, level floors in industrial settings. Unstable slabs can disrupt operations, affect worker safety, and lead to regulatory issues.

Our team specializes in concrete leveling and soil stabilization solutions using polyurethane materials. We're ready to share insights tailored to your facility's needs and specifications.

Contractor Referrals

We also connect plant and factory managers with qualified contractors. These contractors are fully trained in properly installing our premium polyurethane products for optimal results.

Don't leave your flooring integrity to chance. Let our experts provide science-backed recommendations to enhance the safety, compliance, and operational efficiency of your industrial concrete slabs. Contact us today to discuss protecting your invaluable assets.

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Plant and factory managers must select qualified contractors in order to effectively address the challenges associated with slab instability. Choosing contractors with expertise in slab stabilization and polyurethane application will enable managers to tackle these issues successfully.

Load Distribution and Utility Infrastructure

Before discussing contractor selection, it's essential to understand the broader implications of unstable or sunken slabs, such as their impact on load distribution and utility infrastructure.

Impact on Structural Integrity

Improper load distribution due to uneven or unstable slabs can compromise the structural integrity of the facility, leading to more significant issues over time.

Utility Disruptions

Sunken slabs can also adversely affect embedded utility lines, such as electrical conduits and plumbing, leading to service outages and potentially costly repairs.

Quality Control and Scalability

Stable slabs are crucial for maintaining product quality and operational scalability.

Precision in Manufacturing

Floor irregularities can compromise manufacturing precision, leading to product defects and affecting quality control metrics.

Operational Flexibility

Unstable slabs can hinder the ability to scale operations or reorganize the production layout, impacting long-term growth prospects.

Selecting a Qualified Geotechnical Contractor

Choosing the right contractor is a critical step in effectively managing slab instability. Here are some key considerations:

Expertise in Polyurethane Solutions

Look for contractors who specialize in using polyurethane for soil stabilization and concrete leveling. Their expertise will ensure that the job is done effectively and durably.

Specialized Training

Ensure that the contractor holds relevant qualifications, such as factory training from the material manufacturer.

Past Projects and References

Ask for case studies or references from relevant past projects. This will give you an idea of the contractor's capability and reliability.

Safety Record

Review the contractor's safety record, especially in the context of industrial settings. A strong safety record indicates a high level of professionalism and adherence to best practices.

Environmental Compliance

If your plant has specific sustainability goals or needs to comply with environmental regulations, make sure the contractor is experienced in using environmentally friendly polyurethane products.

Key Questions to Ask Potential Contractors

What is your experience with industrial projects similar to ours?

• Can you provide references or case studies?
• What types of polyurethane materials do you recommend, and why?
• How do you approach safety and environmental compliance?
• What is your proposed timeline and cost estimate for the project?

Experienced Polyurethane Applicators

Entrusting this work to a qualified contractor offers several advantages:

Cost-Effectiveness

A specialized contractor can complete the job efficiently, reducing downtime and long-term maintenance costs.

Durability

Contractors experienced in polyurethane applications can offer a durable, long-lasting solution to slab instability.

NSF-Approved Products

For plants requiring compliance with specific health and safety standards, contractors can use NSF-approved polyurethane products.

The Key to Successful Slab Repair

Selecting a qualified geotechnical contractor is a pivotal step in effectively managing the challenges associated with slab instability in industrial settings. By focusing on contractor expertise, training, and experience, plant and factory managers can make an informed decision that addresses their specific needs. The key to successful slab repair lies in choosing a contractor who can offer a comprehensive approach, from initial assessment to final quality checks. By taking this route, managers can ensure the integrity of their industrial floors, thereby mitigating risks and enhancing operational efficiency.

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The preceding articles in this series have dissected the operational and financial implications of slab instability in manufacturing plants and factories. This third installment will pivot to another set of equally critical concerns: safety, regulatory compliance, and environmental impact. These aspects often intertwine with operational and financial considerations, making them indispensable in any comprehensive discussion about slab instability.

Worker Safety: More Than Just a Checklist

Worker safety is a paramount concern in any industrial setting, and the condition of the facility's flooring plays a significant role in ensuring a safe work environment.

Tripping Hazards

Uneven or unstable slabs can create tripping hazards, particularly in areas with high foot traffic or where workers are carrying heavy loads. Tripping can result in minor injuries or escalate into more severe accidents, especially if it involves machinery or hazardous materials.

Mobile Equipment Accidents

Forklifts, trolleys, and other mobile equipment are common in industrial settings. Uneven flooring can cause these vehicles to tip over or collide with other objects, posing a significant safety risk.

Ergonomic Concerns

Floor irregularities can also have ergonomic implications. Workers may need to adopt awkward postures to navigate uneven surfaces, leading to long-term musculoskeletal issues.

Emergency Response

In the event of an emergency, such as a fire or chemical spill, unstable flooring can impede the quick and safe evacuation of workers, exacerbating the severity of the incident.

Regulatory Compliance: Navigating a Maze

Manufacturing plants and factories operate under a complex web of regulations, and flooring integrity is often part of these regulatory frameworks.

OSHA Standards

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets forth guidelines for walking and working surfaces. Non-compliance due to floor irregularities can result in hefty fines and even legal action.

Local and State Regulations

Beyond federal guidelines, local and state regulations may impose additional requirements. Managers must be aware of these layered regulations to ensure full compliance.

Industry-Specific Guidelines

Certain industries, such as pharmaceuticals or food processing, have additional guidelines concerning floor integrity. These can include requirements for specific types of flooring materials that are resistant to chemical spills or easy to sanitize.

Documentation and Record-Keeping

Regulatory compliance is not just about meeting standards; it also involves meticulous record-keeping to document compliance. Failure to maintain these records can itself be a compliance issue.

Environmental Impact: A Growing Concern

Sustainability is increasingly becoming a focal point in industrial operations, and the methods used for slab repair can have environmental implications.

Material Choices

Traditional methods of slab repair often involve the use of materials that may not be environmentally friendly. The choice of repair materials can impact the plant's overall carbon footprint.

Waste Generation

Some repair methods generate a significant amount of waste material, which needs to be disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.

Energy Consumption

The repair process can be energy-intensive, especially if it involves the use of heavy machinery for an extended period. This energy consumption contributes to the plant's overall environmental impact.

ISO 14001 and Sustainability Goals

For plants that are ISO 14001 certified or have specific sustainability goals, the environmental impact of slab repair methods becomes a critical consideration in choosing the right approach.

Balancing Safety, Compliance, and Sustainability

Navigating the triad of safety, regulatory compliance, and environmental impact is a complex task that requires a multi-faceted approach.

Risk Assessment

Conducting a comprehensive risk assessment can help identify the areas where slab instability poses the greatest risks in terms of safety, compliance, and environmental impact.

Technology and Innovation

Advancements in repair methods, such as the use of polyurethane solutions for concrete leveling and soil stabilization, offer a way to address these concerns effectively. These methods are quick, durable, and often more environmentally friendly than traditional approaches.

Training and Awareness

Educating the workforce about the risks associated with slab instability and the importance of reporting any irregularities can go a long way in proactive risk management.

Continuous Monitoring

Regular inspections and monitoring are essential for ensuring that the flooring remains stable over time, thereby reducing the risks associated with slab instability.

Essential Elements

Safety, regulatory compliance, and environmental impact are integral aspects of managing slab instability in industrial settings. These concerns are not isolated; they intersect with operational and financial considerations, forming a complex matrix that managers must navigate. However, the challenges are not insurmountable. By adopting a holistic approach that incorporates risk assessment, technological solutions, and continuous monitoring, it is possible to manage these concerns effectively. 

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